Harrow.



No. 632,!78. Patented Aug. 29, I899. A. w. & r. n. ENGLAND & c. L.RANDOLPH.

HARBOW.

(Application filed. Mar. 7, 1698.)

4 Sheets-Sheet. I.

(No Model.)

wag? A Wihyssas No. 632,l78. Patented Aug. 29, I899.

A. w. a r. n. ENGLAND & c. L. RANDOLPH.

HARBOW.

(Application filed Mar. 7, 1898.) (No Model.) -4-Sh eetsSheeI 2.

:15 ZaxwnderWEqyZaw/d ma uonms rzrzns cc. PncTo-uma, WASHINGTON n c Nu.632,l78. Patented Aug. 29, I899. A. W. & F. D. ENGLAND & C. L. RANDOLPH.

H A R R 0 W.

:Application filed Mgr. 7, 1898.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

Wih zssas 7 9 No I gc y 5. I

ma NORRIS PETERS ca, Pnmmumu. msmuu-rnu. n. c.

No. 632,I78. Patented Aug. 29, I899. A. W. &. F. D. ENGLAND & C. L.RANDOLPH.

H A R R 0W.

(Application filed Mar. 7, 189B.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

{No Model.)

THE mums PETERS 00., Pnoru-umou WASNINGYON, 0 cv UNiTED STATES PATENT@FFIQE.

AL IXANDER \V. ENGLAND, FRANK D. ENGLAND, AND COLEMAN L. RANDOLPH, OFCOLUMBIA, TENNESSEE.

HARROW.

SPEGIFICATION forining part of Letters Patent No. 632,178, dated August29, 1899.

Application filed March 7 1898. Serial No. 672,896. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALEXANDER W. ENG- LAND, FRANK D. ENGLAND, andCOLEMAN L. RANDOLPH, citizens of the United States, residing atColumbia, in the county of Maury and State of Tennessee, have invented anew and useful Harrow, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in harrows; and the leading orprimary aim that we have in View is to provide for several adj ustmentsof a duplex harrow to meet the demands of the service in breaking updifferent kinds of soil, as well as for cultivating the crust of theground planted with corn or other crops before and after the cropmakesits appearance through the soil.

According to our invention we provide a simple construction of theharrow which may be adjusted to either of several positions to meet thedemands of the farmer in treating large or small tracts of land or forcultivating purposes, and in one adjustment of the implement it answersfor pulverizing lumpy or clogged ground containing a large quantity oftrash or refuse, and in another position or adjustment for destroyingvegetable growths in one drive across the field, and in another positionfor pulverizing extremely tight, lumpy, and heavy sod, and in its finaladjustment for pulverizing the crusty soil of ground planted with thecrop.

A further object of the invention is to provide for connecting the draftappliances and the duplex barrow-sections together in a manner to insurethe several adjustments ofthe 1 harrow to suit the requirements of theservice for which the implement is or may be used.

A further object of the invention is to pro- 1 vide an improveddraft-eye capable of susthe draft-eye applied thereto. view of aconstruction of the toothed bar the angle of the toothed bars may bechanged to suit the service, and finally to simplify and strengthen theconstruction and render the implement durable in service.

With these ends in view our invention consists in the novel combinationof elements and in the construction and arrangement of parts, which willbe hereinafter'fully described and claimed.

To enable others to understand the invention, we have illustrated thepreferred embodiment thereof in the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, and in which Figure 1 is a perspective viewof our improved harrow,illustrating the sections thereof adjusted andwith the draft appliances connected to the implement for service in oneposition." Fig. 2 is a plan view of the implement, illustrating anotheradjustment of the harrow. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the parts in Figs. 1and 2, illustrating a still further adjustment of the harrow, and Fig.lis another perspective view illustrating a further adjustment of theharrow. Fig. 5 is'a vertical sectional view taken longitudinally throughone of the harrows ora section thereof, illustrating the improvedtension device in side view. Figs. 6 and 7 are detached views ofweight-platforms which may be used on the harrows or harrow-sectionseither individu ally or collectively. Fig. 8 is a detail sectional viewof the improved draft-eye; and Fig. 9 is a vertical transverse sectionthrough one of the toothed bars or beams, illustrating Fig. 10 is awhich we prefer to employ when said bar is made of metal. Fig. 11 is adetail of one means for securing the barrow-tooth to a wooden beam orbar, and Fig. 12 is an enlarged detail view of the hinged connectionbetween the end bars of the adjacent harrows or sections thereof. Fig.13 is a detail perspective view of one plate in the toothclamp shown byFig. 11.

Like numerals of reference denote like and corresponding parts in eachof the several figures of the drawings.

In the embodiment of our invention as illustrated by the accompanyingdrawings we IOO employ the duplex harrows 1 2 or, as they may be termed,the sections of a complete harrow. \V hen the two harrows are coupledtogether, they constitute a complete implement capable of a variety ofadjustments to meet the demands of the service in pulverizing differentkinds of soil or for cultivating small crops; but the harroW-sectionsare detachable one from the other for the purpose of using themindividually. The individual harrow-sections are adapted for use to goodadvantage when a small tract of ground is to be pulverized orcultivated; but for cultivating or breaking up large tracts of ground itis desirable to employ the sections or harrows collectively to save thetime and labor of the attendants and teams.

Each harrow 1 2, or the section of a complete harrow, consists of aseries of bars or beams, (indicated at 3, 1, 5, and 6,) and each beam orbar is provided with a plurality of teeth which may be embedded in thebar or be clamped rigidly thereto, one form of clamping device for eachtooth being shown by Fig. 11 of the drawings and hereinafter more fullydescribed. While We have illustrated each harrow as consisting of aseries of four beams or'bars, we do not limit ourselves to the number ofbeams or bars which are to be used in the construction of the harrow,because we may use three, four, or five bars, as may be desired. Thetooth forming one of the series of teeth on each edge of the bars orbeams is indicated by the numeral 7; but it will be understood thatharrow-teeth of any suitable or preferred construction may be used, asno novelty for the teeth per se is claimed in this application. Each baror beam is provided with two pairs of draft-eyes 8 9, which are set inor attached to the bar or beam in alternate relation to each other-thatis to say, they do not lie in the same vertical plane transverselyacross the beam. The pair of eyes 8 for each beam extend from one sideof said beam, while the other pair of eyes 9 extend from the oppositeside of the beam. The adjacent draft-eyes forming one pair near each endof the beam are set in or atconnection of the links of said draft-eyes,and

said links and draft-eyes serve to transmit the draft, secure proper setto the bars, and allow the toothed bars to have individual movement orplay under certain conditions in the practical service of the implement.The links 10, which connect the draft-eyes of the bar 3 to thedraft-eyes of the beam 4, are looped or loosely connected to thedraft-eyes S 9, while the links 11, which connect the two middle beams 15, are out of line with the links 10, heretofore described. All thelinks used in the construction of the harrow are preferably looped inthe draft-eyes; but the particular Way of connecting the links to thedraft-eyes is not material and may be changed at pleasure.

To the upper side of the beam 3 of each harrow or section thereof isrigidly secured a block 14, and to this block is secured the shank of aneyebolt 15. The other beam 6 of the harrow is provided with an eyebolt16, which is rigidly secured thereto in a suitable way, and with the twoeyebolts 15 16 is combined the tension device, the construction of whichwill now be described.

The tension device consists of a suitable bar or lever which is providedat one end with a handle adapted to be grasped by the operator inadjusting the toothed bars of the individual harrows or sections, and atone end this tension-bar is equipped with an eyebolt 18, which issuitably fastened to the extremity of the bar, and to the eye of whichbolt is connected the upper extremity of a chain 19. The other end ofthis chain is provided with a suitable hook-shaped link 19, adapted tobe detachably connected to the eyebolt 15 on the block 14 of the beam 3.An arm or bar 20 has one end pivotally connected to the tension-bar 17at a point intermediate of the length of the latter, and this hinge orpivotal joint between the arm 20 and the tension-bar is preferablyformed by a pintle or bolt 21, which is fitted in the eye or loop of asuitable plate 21 and passes through alined openings in plates 22. Theplate 21 is fastened rigidly to the under side of the arm 20, while theplates 22 are securely fastened to the opposite sides of the tension-bar17 at a point intermediate of the length thereof, and as the pintle orbolt 21 passes through the two plates the arm or lever 20 is joined tothe tension-bar bya suitable hinge connection. The arm 20 lies below thetension-bar for a part of the length thereof, and it occupies an angleto said tension-bar, the angular disposition of the tension-bar and thearm depending upon the adjustment which it is desired to impart to thetooth-carrying bars of the harrow-section. At its free end the arm 20 isprovided with an eyebolt 23, suitably secured thereto, and to the eye ofsaid bolt is connected one end of a chain 24, the other end of which isprovided with a hook-shaped link 25, adapted to be detachably connectedto the eyebolt 16 of the beam 6.

Our tension device is arranged from front to rear over the central partof the harrow or section 1 or 2, as the case may be, and the bar 17 andthe arm 20 rest upon the loop-shaped brackets, which will be hereinaftermore fully described and which form a rest or support for thetension-bar and its arm. It will be observed that the hook-shaped linksof the chains which are attached to the respective ends of thetension-bar 17 and the arm .20 thereof serveio detachably connect saidparts to the end beams or bars of ,the harrow or harrow-section, andunder certain conditions in the service of the implement the tensionbarand its arm may be disconnected from said beams, reversed or turned endfor end with relation to the harrow, and the chains again connected tothe eyebolts on the beams at the front and rear of theimplement. The arm20 and 'the tension-bar are adjustably but rigidly held in their severalpositions of adjustment by the devices represented more clearly in Fig.5 of the drawings.

26 designates a holding-segment which is arranged in a vertical positionthrough a slot 28 in the tension-bar 17, and the lower end of thissegment is hinged or pivotally connected to the arm 20 by means of astaple 27, which is fastened in the arm 20 and on which theholding-segmentis capable of a limited swing ing or pivotal movement. Toone side of the tension-bar 17 is rigidly fastened a fulcrumplate 30,between the ears of which is fulcrumed a locking-levcr 31 by a verticalpin or bolt 32, which passes through the ears of said plate and thelever at a point between the ends of the latter. The locking-lever isprovided at one end with a nib or arm 33, which is adapted to play in atransverse slot 29, that is formed horizontally in the tension-bar in aplane to intersect with the vertical slot 28, that accommodates theholding-segment 26. This holding'segment is provided at intervalsthroughout its length with a vertical series of transverse apertures,into either one of which may be fitted the prong or arm 33 of thelocking-lever 31, according to the adjustment of the tension-bar withrelation to the arm and the harrow, and this locking-lever is held inengagement with the perforated segment 26 by a coiled spring 34, whichis seated or held on the tension-bar by a suitable stud, one end of thespring pressing against the tension-bar and its other end acting againstthe handleformed end of the lever to normally press the nib or arm 33into engagement with one of the apertures of the segment 26. Thedescribed construction of the rocking lever enables the operator toreadily retract the nib or arm 33 from the l1oldingsegment to raise orlower the lever and through the described connections adjust the severalbars of the harrow or harrow-section, after which the locking-lever isreleased and the spring forces its arm or nib in to engagement with theframebar. Provision is thus made for readily changing the position orset of the toothed bars of the harrow, and the device is simple anddurable in construction and easily operated by one end. It is alsoapparent that the tension device may be adjusted when the implement isin motion, thus overcoming any necessity for stopping the team previousto adjusting or changing the positions of the toothed bars.

By reference to Fig. 5 of the drawings it will be seen that the eyebolt15, supported in the block 14 of the beam 3, is in a differenthorizontal plane from the eyebolt 16 in the other beam 6, and thisvariance in the posi- 7o tions of the eyebolts on the front and rearbeams corresponds to the difference in elevation between the eyebolts 8and 9 of the toothed beams. This is an important feature in .thepractical construction of our harrow, because it maintains equilibriumin the draft and insures corresponding setting of all of the beamsforming the improved harrow.

In using the harrow in its completed condition we pivotally connect thebeams of the two sections at their adjacent corners and provide theindividual harrows with a plurality of draft-eyes. The beams 6 of thetwo harrow-sections are provided with draft-eyes 35, 36, 37, and 38, ofwhich draft-eyes the eyes designated as 35 36 are attached to the beam 6of the harrow 1, while the draft-eyes 37 38 are attached to the beam 6of the harrow 2.

As it is necessary to reverse the harrows in pulverizing some kinds ofsoil, we provide the beams 3with a like series of draft-eyescorresponding in number and position to the draft-eyes 011 the beam 6,and of the second series of draft-eyes the eyes designated 39 and 40 areattached to the beam 3 of the har- 5 row-section 1, while the draft-eyes41 and 42 are attached to the beam 6 of the harrow 2. The beams 6 of thetwo harrow-sections are pivotally connected together by a peculiar formof hinge-joint, and the inner end of one Ico of the beams 6 of oneharrow-section is beveled or chamfered, as at 38. The pintle or bolt 39of the hinge connection is situated about midway between the beveled orchamfered end of one beam 6 on one harrow-section and the end of thebeam 6 on the other harrow-section adjacent to said beveled end 38, andsaid bolt passes through the eye 40 of the clevis 41, which is fastenedto the beam 6 of the harrow-section 1 and also through no perforatedplates 42, which are secured to the upper and lower sides of thecorresponding beam 6 of the harrow-section 2. It will be observed thatthe vertical pintle is midway between the two harrow-sections, which 115 permits the sections to be adjusted at the required angles when theharrow is to assume the diagonal or diamond shape represented by certainfigures of the drawings, and this bolt or pintle 39 is readily removablefrom the clevis and hinge-plates to permit the harrow-sections to beuncoupled or detached when it is desired to use the sections asindividual harrows. The eye-formed end 40 of the clevis 11 is fittedloosely on the vertical pin tle or bolt 39, and itis adapted to playidly on said bolt and between the spaced hinged plates for the purposeof permitting the beam 6 of one harrow-section to play independently ina vertical direction of the cor- 1 o responding beam of the otherharrow-section when the harrow is drawn over uneven or rough ground, andthereby obviate binding of the parts of the two harrows or sections. It

will be noted that the clevis 41 straddles or embraces the end of thebeam 6, forming a part of the harrow-section 1, and that said clevis issecured rigidly to said end of the beam by a transverse bolt, asrepresented by Fig. 12 of the drawings.

The draft-eyes which we employ for the at-' tachment of the draft-chainsto the end bars of the harrows, as well as for the attachment of thelinks which unite the individual bars together in series to form theharrow, are of the peculiar construction illustrated by Figs. 8 and 9.Each draft-eye is cast in a single piece of metal with a comparativelyheavy body 49, which is tapered somewhat in a transverse direction andprovided at one side with a flat face. This cast-metal draft-eye isprovided with an integral shank 46, which extends froin the body for asuitable distance and occupies a central position thereon, and onopposite sides of said shank 46 are arranged the locking-studs 47, whichare made as an integral part of the body 45 and extend from the straightrear face of said body. The draft-eye of our invention is not attachedto the toothed bar or beam of the harrows in a plane parallel to theaxis of said bar or beam; but we arrange this draft-eye to assume aninclined or oblique position through the bar or beam. This end isattained by boring a hole or passage 48 through the bar in a positionoblique to the axis of said bar, and through this hole or passage 48 isthrust the stem or shank 46 of the draft-eye to cause the latter toassume the inclined angular or oblique position, as it may be termed. Onopposite sides of the angular hole or passage 48 in the toothed bar areprovided the sockets 49", adapted to receive the locking-studs 47 of thedraft-eye, and these studs fit snugly in the sockets to hold thedraft-eye against displacement or turning on the stem or shank 46 as theaxis of movement of the draft-eye. The rear extremity of the stem orshank 46 protrudes from the opposite face of the toothed bar againstwhich the draft-eye is applied, and said protruding extremity of thestem or shank is externally threaded to receive a clamping-nut 50, thatbinds against a washer 51, which is interposed between the nut and thetoothed bar or beam. The drafteye presents a strong and substantialconstruction adapted to withstand the strain or pull of thedraft-animals employed in the practical operation of our improvedimplement, and said draft-eye is attached to the bar or beam of theimplement in an exceedingly secure and simple Way to wholly overcome anytendency of the drafteye to work loose on its connection with the bar orbeam.

A harrow, having its two sections pivotally connected together at oneside thereof in the manner described and equipped with the series ofdraft-eyes 39,40, 41, and 42 is capable of adjustment to the positionrepresented by Fig. 1 for the purpose of producing an oblong harrowespecially well adapted for pulverizing lumpy or cloggy groundobstructed by accumulations of trash. In order to adapt the implementfor working in ground of this character, the draft-chains 75, 76, 77,and 78 are connected to the draft-eyes, as represented by said Fig. 1,on the side of the harrow opposite to the pivotal connection 39 betweenthe rear beams 6, and the adjacent ends of the bars or beams 3, 4, 5,and 6 of the two harrow-sections are adapted to abut endwise againsteach other. The harfow adjusted as described and as represented by thefigure referred to has its teeth 7 inclining rearwardly, and thedraft-chains and 76 are connected to the draft-eyes 39 and 40 of thebeam 3, forming a part of the section 2, while the other draftchains 77and 78 are attached to the drafteyes 41 and 42 of the beam 3, forming apart of the other harrow 1. The beam or draft chains 75 76 convergetoward each other and are connected to the doubletree 7 9, While theother pair of draft-chains 77 78 are connected to the draft-eyes 41 42of the other harrowsection, and they converge toward each other to beattached to the doubletree 80. The doubletrees 79 80 are thusindividually connected by a pair of draft-chains to the respectivesections of the harrow, and thus each section of the harrow is drawn byone team. Aharrow thus adjusted and equipped is especially well adaptedfor pulverizing soil of the character referred to, and in thisconnection it is desirable or necessary to depress or weight the harrowin order to hold the teeth to their work. We have devised novel meansfor weighting the harrow which consists of the weight-platforms 52 53,one of which is applied to each individual harrow-section across thecenter line thereof. Each weight-platform 52 or 53 is provided with thearms 54 55, which project from the respective ends of said platform atthe sides thereof, and said arms of the weightplatform are engaged withthe looped rests or keepers 12 13, which are fastened to the end bars orbeams of each barrow-section to extend a suitable distance above saidend bars or beams and form rests for the tension-bar 17 and its arm 20,hereinbefore referred to. The looped rests 12 13 are made from pieces ofmetal bent to the proper form and rigidly fastened to the respectivebars or beams at the front and rear of each harrow-section, and saidlooped rests thus serve the double purpose of supporting the tensiondevice and of holding the weightplatforms against edgewise or lateraldisplacement of their central position on the harrowsections. Inconnection with the transversely applied weight-platforms on theindividual harrowsections we employ a longitudinal platform 56, which isarranged lengthwise of the implement formed by the two alined andconnected sections 1 2 and which platform 56 rests at or near its endsupon the transverse platforms 52 53. This longitudinally-disposedplatform 56 is thus sustained in the direction of the length of theimplement by the transverse platforms 52 53, and at its middle it isprovided with a support or seat 57 for the driver. The driver occupies aposition substantially over the meeting line of the adjacentharrow-sections, and the weight of the driver is uniformly distributedon and applied to the individual harrow-sections because of thelongitudinal disposition of the platform 56 and the transversedisposition of the platforms 52 53. A harrow constructed and arranged asdescribed is of large capacity for rapidly and thoroughly pulverizingsoil which is filled with clods and accumulations of trash, and thedraft is applied to the harrow to the best advantage, and the weight isdistributed to maintain each barrow-section in proper relation to theground.

When the land is run together by a medium Vegetable growth or sod orwhen broken soil is sowed with wheat or oats followed by a voluntaryoutgrowth of the crop consequent upon a rainfall, it is necessay toadjust the harrow to cause the teeth to out under and backwardly. Thisadjustment of the harrow is provided for by our improved construction bymoving the sections to the diagonal or angular positions shown by Fig. 2and by attaching the draft-chains to the draft-eyes at the inner anglesor corners of the harrowsections, also as represented by Fig. 2. Toconvert the harrow represented by'Fig. 1 into the harrow shown by Fig. 2the sections 1 and 2 are spread apart or separated at their adjacentends practically to the limit per mitted by the chamfered or beveled end38 of the beam 6 of one of the two barrow-sections, and the draft-chains75 78 are detached from their draft-eyes and fitted to the drafteyes atthe inner adjacent corners of the harrow-scctions 1 2, so as to. liealongside of the draft-chains 76 77. The pairs of parallel draft-chainsare attached to the doubletrees 79 and 80, to which the teams areconnected, and the barrow-sections are drawn by the teams, which areyoked orconnected together, in a forward direction to cause the teeth toout under and backwardly and to take in the whole area or surface withinthe limits of the two sections 1. and 2. When the barrow-sections areturned to the diagonal or the angular position represented by Fig. 2,the weight-platforms 52 and 53 remain in their relative positions to theindividual harrowsections; but said platforms are inclined oppositely tothe line of draft to receive the ends of the longitudinal platform 56for the purpose of supporting the latter in a position at right anglesto the line of draft.

To pulverize extremely tight heavy land and tough heavy sod, the draftis changed from the position shown by Fig. 2 to the position representedby Fig. 3 in order to make the teeth set toward the team and to outunder the sod or surface. The position of the harrow-sections inrelation to each other and the position of the weight platforms are notchanged when the harrow is adapted forcutting extremely tight, lumpy, orheavy sod; but the draft only is changed from one side of the implementto the other side-thereof, and the draft is applied to the extreme outercorners instead of to the inner corners of the diagonal orangularly-arranged harrow-sections. In making the, change from Fig. 2 toFig. 3 the two pairs of draft-chains are disconnected from the twodraft-eyes in the bars 3 of the barrow-sections, and said draft-chainsare connected to the draft-eyes 35 and 38 on the toothed bars 6 of thebarrow-sections, said draft-eyes 35 and 38 being disposed near the outerangles or corners of said barrow-sections. The pairs of draft-chains areattached to the doubletrees 7 9 and 80, and the teams are yoked togetherto cause them to pull in unison. It will be observed that theapplication of the draft is effected at the outer corners of thediagonal or angularly-disposed barrow-sections of the same beams towhich the pivotal joint 39 is attached, and this arrangement andadaptation of the pivotal joint between the harrow-sections and theapplication of the draft to said beams or bars of the barrow-sectionsare exactly reversed to the connection of the sections and theattachment of the draft represented by Fig. 2.

To adapt the implement for cultivating or crust-breaking the ground, thetransverse platforms and the longitudinal platform are removed from thebarrow-sections and the latter are brought into alinement to produce thesubstantially oblong harrow illustrated by Fig. 1 of the drawings. Thehinge connection 39 between the two barrow-sections is at the front sidethereof, and the series of draft-chains 75 to 78, inclusive, areattached to the draft-eyes 35 to 38, inclusive, at regular intervalsalong the front side of the harrow. The draft-chains 75 76 to theharrowsections 1 are brought together and attached to the doubletree 79,while the other pair of draft-chains 77 78 likewise converge and areattached to the doubletree S0. The teams are yoked together, and eachteam exerts its pull individually on one barrow-section. The tensiondevices are reversed from the position shown by Figs. 1 and 2 for thepurpose of bringing the handles of the tension-bars within convenientreach of the driver following in rear of the machine, and each tensiondevice is adjusted to hold the toothed bars under greater orless'tension to regulate the oscillating or vibrating 'motion of theteeth attached to the flexibly-connected series of bars. To increase thetension on either harrow-section, the tension-bar is depressed andbrought closer tothe arm 20, thereby causing the opposite ends of thetension-bar and the arm to IIO the link connections and increase thefreedom of motion of the toothed bars, it is only necessary for theoperator to release the locking-lever and raise the tension-bar, therebyslackening the pull on the connecting-chains between the tension-bar,the arm 20, and the front and rear beams of the harrow, and thedescribed tension device is so constructed that the operator may readilyadjust the parts while the machine is in motion to increase or decreasethe rigidity or flexibility of the harrow. When the ground has a hardcrust, it

is necessary to lower the tension-bar and re-.

strict the motion of the toothed bars to render them practically rigidso far as their play in respect to each otheris concerned, therebycausing the teeth to break through and pulverize the soil to the bestadvantage. When the crust of the ground is soft, the tension device isadjusted to ease up on the link connections and permit the toothed barsto have a greater freedom of motion, and this easing up of the tensiondevice is regulated according to the condition of the ground, so thatunder certain adjustments of the tension device the teeth are free toflip, kick, and stir the soil, thoroughly pulverizing the same, saidteeth having a vibrating back-and-forth motion which thoroughly breaksup the crust and reduces the soil to a pulveraceous condition bestsuited to the growing crop. A medium-sized harrow constructed inaccordance with our invention and adjusted as represented by Fig. 4. iswell adapted to cultivate four rows of corn at one drive across thefield, and the harrow may be used on growing crops when the latterattain a certain height, not exceeding knee high.

In connection with the means for adjusting the angular harrow-section wedesire to call attention to the fact that the necessary set is impartedto the toothed bars by an oblique or angular arrangement of thedraft-eyes at top and bottom of the bars, and this arrangement permitseach link to be connected at one end to the draft-eye on the lower partof one bar and its other end to a draft-eye attached on a higherelevation to an adjacent toothed bar.

In our harrow we may attach each series of teeth 7 to one of the bars inthe ordinary way by driving or inserting the teeth at suitableintervalsthrough the wood en bar; but under some circumstances wemayemploy the clam ping device illustrated by Fig. 11 for securing theteeth individually to a wooden bar. This clamp consists of a base-plate60, adapted to be rigidly secured in a suitable way to one of thevertical faces of the wooden bar, and said base-plate is provided withprongs or studs fitted in suitable recesses in the bar. The plate isprovided witha transverse opening 61, on opposite sides of which areformed the oifsets, having angular notches that provide seats for oneedge of the rectangular or square harrow-tooth. Said tooth passesthrough a vertical eye provided in an enlarged head 63 on a bolt 62, andthe headed and eye-formed end of the bolt is arranged to coact with theseats of the perforated baseplate to clamp the harrow-tooth on oppositesides thereof and rigidly confine said tooth in place between thebase-plate and theheaded bolt. The extremity of the bolt is suitablythreaded to receive a tightening-nut 64.

As thus far described our harrow has its bars or beams made of wood ofthe proper dimensions and weight; but we may desire to make each bar orbeam of metal, as represented by Fig. 10 of the drawings. In thisembodiment of the invention each bar orbeam consists of two parallellengths or sections 66 67, which accommodate between themselves aplurality of pairs of plates 68, which receive the harrow-teeth and aredrawn or clamped tightly upon the same by a bar or bolts. The pair ofclamping-plates 68 are madeindependcut or separate from the sections orlengths of the bar,and said plates are interposed between the bars. Theopposing faces of the plates are provided with angular notches orrecesses 69, forming seats for the opposite angles or corners of theharrow -tooth. The clampingplates are held in position between thesections or lengths of the harrow-bar by the pair of bolts 7 O, whichpass through suitable openings in the bar'sections or links 66 67 atopposite ends of the clamping-plates 68, whereby the bolts serve to drawthe bar-sections 66 67 toward each other to clamp the plates 68 firmlyin place and to hold the harrow-teeth rigidly in position between andwithin said plate 68.

We are aware that changes in the form and proportion of parts and in thedetails of construction may be made by a skilled mechanic withoutdeparting from the spirit or sacrificing the advantages of ourinvention, and we therefore reserve the right to make such modificationsas clearly fall within the scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what we claim is-- 1. In aharrow,the combination-of the independent sections each provided with a tensiondevice which is connected operatively with the toothed bars thereof, asingle hinge connecting the contiguous corners of said sections, andshiftable draft appliances connected in dividually. to theharrow-sections,whereby the sections may be adjusted at right angles orin parallel relation to each other and the bars of the sections may becontrolled for the performance of work substantially as described, forthe purpose set forth.

2. An adjustable harrow consisting of sections each having itsflexibly-connected bars controlled by a tension device, a single hingeconnection between adjacent corners of said harrow-sections, a pluralityof draft-eyes attached at intervals to said harrow-sections, and theshiftable draft appliances connected individually and detachably to thedraft-eyes of the sections and disposed on opposite sides of the hingeconnection between said sections substantially as described, for thepurpose set forth.

3. An adjustable harrow consisting of individual sections each having atension device connected operatively with the bars thereof, a singlehinge connection between adjacent corners of the sections, a series ofdraft-eyes attached to the front bars of said sections, another seriesof draft-eyes secured to the rear bars of the sect-ions, and independentshiftable draft appliances connected individually to the draft-eyes onthe bars of the harroW-sections, said draft appliances being disposed onopposite sides of the hinge connection between the barrow-sections, forthe purpose described, substantially as set forth.

4-. An adjustable harrow consisting of the individual sections eachhaving its bars connected flexibly together, and one of said sectionsprovided with a side bar having at its inner end the bevel or chamfer, ahinge connection between the beveled bar of one section and thecorresponding bar of an adjacent section and having its pintle or rod ina plane midway between said bars at the contiguous corners of thebarrow-sections, a tension device connected operatively with the bars ofeach barrow-section, draft-eyes applied to the bars of the individualsections at the front and rear sides of the harrow, and shiftable draftappliances connected detachably and individually to the draft-eyes ofthe harrowsections, substantially as described.

5. A harrow consisting of individual sec tions each having its toothedbars connected flexibly together, a tension device connected to eachharrow-section to regulate the link connections and the toothed barsthereof and adapted to maintain said toothed bars in eithera rigid orloose condition, a single hinge connecting the contiguous corners of theharrow-sections, a series of draft-eyes attached to the harrow-sectionson the front and rear sides thereof, and pairs of draft-chains connectedindividually to the draft-eyes of the sections and arranged on oppositesides of the hinge connection between said sections, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a harrow, the combination with harrow-sections havingfiexibly-connected bars,

of Weight-platforms applied transversely tothe individualbarrow-sections, and another weight-platform resting upon the individualplatforms, substantially as described.

'7. In a harrow, the combination with individual harrow-sections eachhaving a series of conneeted bars and said sections hinged together foradjustment substantially as described, weight platforms appliedtransvcrsel y at the central line of the separate harrow-sections, alongitudinal platform which spans the harrow-sections and rests upon theindividual platforms, and draft appliances connected with thebarrow-sections, the transverse and longitudinal weight-platforms beingremovable at will from the implement, substantially as described.

9. In a harrow, the combination with harrowsections connected togetherand draft appliances attached to said harrow-sections, of the keepersfixed to the harrowsections at front and rear thereof, theweight-platforms applied transversely to the central parts of theindividual sections and detachably engaging with said keepers to be heldthereby against displacement on the harrow-sect'ions, and a longitudinalplatform resting upon the transverse platform and removable therewithfromthe harrow, substantially as described.

10. A harrow consisting of flexible individual sections, a tensiondevice operatively connected to each section, a single vertical hingeconnecting the sections at their inner contiguous corners to adapt thesections to assume parallel or right-angular relation one to the other,and shiftable draft appliances connected individually to the sections,substantially as described.

ll. A harrow consisting of flexible sections, a load-platform resting oneach section, a tension device connected to each section for adjustingthe bars thereof without removal of the load-platform, a single verticalhinge conmeeting the sections at their inner adjacent corners, and draftappliances attached individually to the respective sections,substantially as described.

12. In a harrow, a series of flexibly-connected toothed bars, combinedwith a tension device having a longitudinal bar connected with onetoothed bar, an arm attached to the longitudinal tension-bar and to thetoothed bar at the opposite side of the harrow, and an ad justablelocking device between the tension-bar and the arm, substantially asdescribed.

13. The combination with a series of flexiblyconnected toothed bars, ofa tensionbar connected atone end to one toothed bar, an arm hinged tothe tension-bar and connected at its free ends with the opposite toothedbar, and an adjustable lockingdevice between the tension-bar and thearm, substantially as described.

14:. In a harrow, the combination with-a series of flexibly-connectedtoothed bars, of an eyebolt attached in an elevated position to one ofthe toothed bars, another eyebolt attached to the opposite toothed baron aplane below the first-named eyebolt, a tension-bar connected to oneof said eyebolts, an arm connected to the other eyebolt and hinged tothe tension-bar, and an adjustable locking device between the arm andtension-bar, substantially as described.

15. In a harrow, the combination with a series of flexibly-connectedtoothed bars, the rests attached to the toothed bars at the front andrear sides of the harrow, a tension-bar connected with one toothed barand adapted to be sustained by one of the rests, an arm hinged to thetension-bar, connected to the opposite toothed bar and bearing upon theother rest, and an adjustable locking device between the arm andtension-bar, substantially as described.

16. In a harrow, the combination with a series of flexibly-connectedbars, of a supporting block or bearing rigid with one of the toothedbars, an eyebolt secured in said supporting-block, another eyeboltattached to the opposite toothed bar and lying on a plane below thefirst-named eyebolt, a tension de; vice having its members connectedwith the respective eyebolts, and rests fixed to the toothed bars andadapted to support the tension device, substantially as described.

17. In a harrow, the combination of a series of flexibly-connectedtoothed bars,an eyebolt supported on one of said bars in an elevatedposition, another eyebolt attached to the opposite toothed bar on aplane below the first-named eyebolt, the tension -bar connected flexiblyat one end to one of said eyebolts, an arm hinged to the tension-bar andflexibly connected at its other end to the other eyebolt, aholding-segment attached to the arm, and a locking device carried by thetension-bar and adjustably engaging with said holding-segment,substantially as described.

18. In a harrow, a series of flexibly-connected bars having the obliqueeyebolts or draft-eyes arranged in different elevations, and linksconnecting the adjacent pairs of eyebolts and toothed bars, incombination with eyebolts attached to the front and rear toothed bars onplanes corresponding to the difference in elevation of the eyebolts ordraft-eyes for the link connections of said bars, and a tension deviceconnected with said eyebolts on the front and rear bars, substantiallyas described.

19. In a harrow, the combination of toothed bars provided with obliquepassages, of drafttoothed bars, of draft-eyes secured therein in obliquepositions and in different horizontal planes, the adjacent pairs ofdraft-eyes being disposed at different elevations with respect to eachother, and a series of links connecting the draft'eyes in pairs andinclined longitudinally of the im pleinen t,whereby the drafteyes andlinks impart the proper set to the toothed bars, substantially asdescribed.

21. The combination with a tooth-carrying bar, of a draft-eye having aheavy eye-formed body and a shank, said shank and body of the draft-eyebeing attached to the bar in an oblique or angular position with respectto the transverse axis of said bar, substantially as described.

22. In a harrow, a draft-eye consisting of a heavy body provided with atransverse eye, a shank or stem extending rearwardly from said body, andthe holding-lugs integral with the body and projecting from the sameside thereof as the stem or shank, substantially as described.

23. I11 a harrow, the combination of a toothcarrying bar provided withan oblique or angular passage, a draft-eye having a stem or shank whichpasses through said passage and causes the draft-eye to partake of theoblique or angular arrangement of the passage in said toothed bar,andmeans forclamping the drafteye rigidly to the bar, substantially asdescribed.

24. A harrow consisting of the individual sections having the barsthereof connected flexibly together,a tension device for each sectionconnected detachably to the front and rear bars thereof and reversibleend for end on said section, a single hinge connection betweencontiguous corners of the sections, and independent shiftable draftappliances connected with the respective barrow-sections on oppositesides of the hinge connection, said draft appliances being attachable tothe front or rear sides of the harrow, substantially as described.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our own we have heretoaffixed our signatures in the presence of two witnesses.

A. W. ENGLAND. FRANK D. ENGLAND. COLEMAN L. RANDOLPH.

Witnesses for A. W. England:

JOHN H. SIGGERS, HAROLD I-I. SIMMs. IVitnesses for F. D. England and O.L. Randolph:

SAM WV. WVILLIAMs, W. A. MoGREeoR.

